A number of folks working with Project Epic are scrambling to devise
a workable microsyntax to help with disaster relief in Haiti.
Project EPIC has a larger charter, but this Haitian response is directly in its area of focus, for sure:
Project EPIC, which launched in
September 2009, is supported by a $2.8M grant from the US National
Science Foundation. It is multi-disciplinary, multi-university,
multi-lingual research effort to support the information needs by
members of the public during times of mass emergency. In this age of
social media, we bring our behavioral and technical knowledge of
"computer mediated communication" to the world of crisis studies and
emergency response. As researchers, we are committed to careful study
of socio-technical transformation and building human-centered
computation. In addition to empirical observational study that requires
new ways of studying massive "widescale" coordination across the
internet, we conduct "action research" and employ "participatory
design" oriented approaches. We aim to look beyond today's state of the
art and anticipate future socio-technical change.
via epic.cs.colorado.edu
The Haitian earthquake has led to the spontaneous use of Twitter to
communicate about missing people, request help of various kinds, and
other disaster-related needs. The group is promoting 'Tweek The Tweet',
a collection of defined hashtags ('beacons') and related microsyntax.
One of the drivers for this is the desire to use existing twitter
applications and search tools, which prohibited the development of
anything radically different, a topic I will return to.
Here's what is proposed:
Real Tweet Examples for Haiti
On 2010-01-16 06:15:45 RIElliott said:
#Haiti
#Need Dr treating survivors need people & supplies #Contact Dr
Denis Cyrille Rue Monseigneur Guilloux #556 Cell# 3555-1406 via@MejidX
On 2010-01-16 06:09:46 RIElliott said:
#Haiti
#Need generator & water pump repair, tents #Location Leogane, Haiti
Nursing School #Contact @nursetim www.haitinursing.org
On 2010-01-16 05:56:28 407underground said:
#Haiti #need #rescue #name American & UF Alumni Lee Strickland is stuck there alive #location Hotel Montana.
Please RT send help now!
On 2010-01-16 05:56:28 407Rob said:
#Haiti
#need #rescue #name American & UF Alumni Lee Strickland is stuck
there alive #location Hotel Montana. Please RT send help now!
On 2010-01-16 05:33:19 RIElliott said:
#Haiti #need #rescue #name American Christine Legagneur is stuck there alive #location UNIBANK Bourdon (via @carodefay)
Our
team and collaborators are proposing a Tweet-friendly hashtag-based
syntax to help direct Twitter communications for more efficient data
extraction for those communicating about the Haiti earthquake disaster.
Use only requires modifications of Tweet messages to make information
pieces that refer to #location, #status, #needs, #damage and several
other elements of emergency communications more machine readable. This
allows for easier automated collation by any number of groups and good
samaritans from any number of sources. HELP US SPREAD THE WORD!!!
Read
on for immediate simulated life examples, instructions for deployment,
and the initial tag folksonomy for the Haiti disaster. Tags in French
are now also available. We welcome ongoing assistance in language
translation for on-the-ground use when that becomes possible, and
international deployment.
Tweet Examples In Use (See New Real Tweets to Right):
EXAMPLE1: #haiti #imok #name John Doe #loc Mirebalais Shelter #status minor injuries
EXAMPLE2: #haiti #need #transport #loc Jacmel #num 10 #info medical volunteers looking for big boat to transport to PAP
EXAMPLE3: #haiti #need #translator #contact @pierrecote
EXAMPLE5: #haiti #ruok #name Raymonde Lafrotune #loc Delmas 3, Rue Menelas #1
EXAMPLE4: #haiti #ruok #name Camelia Siquineau #loc Hotel Montana
EXAMPLE6: #haiti #offering #volunteers #translators #loc Florida #contact @FranceGlobal
Mission/Instructions for a Two-Pronged Deployment:
1)
Promote grammar through available digital communication channels to get
immediate pick-up by people, including those who are affected,
emergency personnel, and—perhaps most usefully for immediate
use—volunteers
To this end, please send out prescriptive examples, such as these:
#haiti pls tweet in the format: #haiti #ruok #name [first last] #loc [location] #contact [@ or #]
#haiti pls tweet in the format: #haiti #imok #name [first last] #loc [location] #status [status] #contact [@ or #]
#haiti pls tweet in the format: #haiti #need #medical #loc [location] #num
#haiti pls tweet in the format: #haiti #offering #shelter #loc [address] #num [amount] #contact [@ or #]
#haiti pls use these 1st hashtags: #imok, #ruok, #offering, #need, #damage, #status
#haiti pls use these 2nd hashtags: #food #water #shelter #transport #volunteers #translators #fuel #information
#haiti pls use these data hashtags: #name [first last] #loc [address, intersection] #num [amount] #contact [@ or #]
#haiti pls use these end hashtags: #status [status info] #info [more information, comment]
And here's some real examples:
Real Tweet Examples for Haiti
On 2010-01-16 06:15:45 RIElliott said:
#Haiti #Need Dr treating survivors need
people & supplies #Contact Dr Denis Cyrille Rue Monseigneur
Guilloux #556 Cell# 3555-1406 via@MejidX
On 2010-01-16 06:09:46 RIElliott said:
#Haiti #Need generator & water pump
repair, tents #Location Leogane, Haiti Nursing School #Contact
@nursetim www.haitinursing.org
On 2010-01-16 05:56:28 407underground said:
#Haiti #need #rescue #name American
& UF Alumni Lee Strickland is stuck there alive #location Hotel
Montana. Please RT send help now!
On 2010-01-16 05:56:28 407Rob said:
#Haiti #need #rescue #name American
& UF Alumni Lee Strickland is stuck there alive #location Hotel
Montana. Please RT send help now!
On 2010-01-16 05:33:19 RIElliott said:
#Haiti #need #rescue #name American Christine Legagneur is stuck there alive #location UNIBANK Bourdon (via @carodefay)
A Few Observations, To Be Considered After The Disaster Is Over
One of the problems with microsyntax based on hashtags is that
hashtags are words in specific languages, so there is an immediate
divergence in this case with English and French, and perhaps Creole, as
well?
This is countered by the creation of a second gloassary of hashtags in French, but the equivalence is not immediately obvious.
The second problem is that people aren't using the templates as
defined. For example, "#name American & UF Alumni Lee Strickland is
stuck there alive' does have a name in it, but it's buried. To use a
simple metric, a stupid program wouldn't be able to extract 'Lee
Strickland' from that.
I think that a few other approaches could work better even given the requirements that a disaster imposes:
- People will have only the most primitive communication
capabilities, like cell phones, or public computers. (We have to
imagine these at least, or Twitter and microsyntax can't play a role at
all.)
- We have to rely on Twitter as the basic platform, although it is
possible to imagine external applications that are designed to work
with Twitter, so long as they don't require specialized software or
hardware on the communication device. This means that specialized
applications can be developed that interoperate with Twitter. As just
one example, geolocational elements could be used to display messages
relative to locations in a stricken area, like Haiti in this case.
- Hashtags are a general purpose tool, like a hammer, but even the
best hammer can't be used for all purposes. A hammer is a bad wrench,
for example. In general, hashtags are intended to represent themes or
topics that a post is about. Extending them to act as keywords is
attractive at the moment, because various search tools currently
identify the '#abc' structure. But using hashtags consumes too many
characters unnecessarily in a 104 character contex.
Other microsyntax has emerged, like @user and RT, that have become
implemented directly in Twitter, and a wide variety of other
microsyntax is in use, informally. I have even set up a non-profit
organization, Microsyntax.org,
to research and advocate microsyntactic conventions. (In a supreme
proof of the bad timing inherent in the universe, I am currently
involved in rebuilding the Microsyntax.org website, so it is in
disarray. I hope to have it reworked in the next few days, however.)
My recommendations at this point for Disaster microsyntax are these:
- We should dedicate '!' to indicate that a message is
associated with a specific named disaster or emergency. This use of
'bang' or 'exclamation mark' should take precedence over other possible
uses of the character. I propose we call these 'Emergency Codes'.
Some international organization -- perhaps the UN? Red Cross? -- should
be responsible for the naming of the disaster. This should be the first
element of the post. For example, '!Katrina' would have appeared at the
head of all emergency tweets related to Katrina. Note that this is in
distinction to the use of #katrina in a post, which does not indicate
that it is an emergency post, just someone commenting on Katrina, for
example in regard to local Lousiana politics.
- Twitter and related applications, like Twitter cllients, should be extended to support the use of bang in obvious ways. Note that this possibly means that Twitter could give preference to the passing of emergency messages, if necessary.
- Geolocation is more general than emergency, and some general convention should be used for that. I have advocated the so-called 'geoslash' notation, but this is a critical part of the whole picture.
- The syntax of emergency messages should be structured
enough so that all parts of the message are defined elements, but loose
enough that order of the various elements is arbitrary.
- A collection of two and three character codes based on bang
should be developed to indicate various sorts of information useful in
emergencies. For example, '!@' could stand for the name of a
person, based on the use of '@' in Twitter and other applications.
'!@@' could be used for organizations, businesses, and so on. '!?'
could represent a question being asked, and '!!' could be used for
things desired, needed or the like.
- A general model for adding a note or status to any defined element could rely on ':'. For example, '!@john jones: alive' would indicate that John Jones is alive (in English).
Here's an example, for a hypothetical disaster, a hurricane called 'Bette' that has hit the eastern seaboard of the US:
!bette !@john jones: alive /wellfleet hospital/
This is an emergency message stating that John Jones is alive and is
located at Wellfleet Hospital. Alternatively, the hospital could have
been identified as an emergency-related organization or business, with
'!@@wellfleet hospital' instead of being treated as a location.
!bette @carlabreck !?@sam ying: with you?
This is directed to @carlabreck using her twitter ID, asking the status of Sam Ying, specifically whether he is with her.
!bette /usps, provincetown MA/ !!food blankets: 20 people stranded here !!medevac: 1 compound fracture
This indicates a request '!!' for food and blankets for 20 people
stranded at the post office in Provincetown, and a request for a
medevac for someone with a compound fracture.
Note that this message could be jumbled in different ways -- !bette
!!medevac: 1 compound fracture /usps, provincetown MA/ !!food blankets:
20 people stranded here -- and it would still have the same meaning.
!bette /usps, provincetown MA/ !@hassan haque: compound fracture of the lower right leg
This is an accompanying message to the previous, indicating the name of the person with the compound fracture.
!bette /home depot, hyannisport/: roof has blown off the main building and is blocking Main Street www.sto.ly/8797gd
This is an informational post, identifying a hazard so that authorities monitoring might do something.
Note that these could be translated into other languages, and all the microsyntax would be the same: an international code for emergency messages.
Lastly, specialized applications could be developed to capture the emergency messages and track them in various ways:
collating all the requests for medevac, for example, so that
helicopters could be scheduled more efficiently, or collating all the
request for blankets and food.
I plan to contact the folks at EPIC and volunteer to work with them
on these and related ideas, as soon as possible, as well as kicking off
a new project at Microsyntax.org, developing these ideas more
completely. I also invte others to get involved, and in particular, I
would welcome developer support in building an open source example web
application that would parse Emergency Codes and aggregate the
information in useful ways. Others could take that code and create
other more specialized applications for various purposes.
I hope that EPIC, Microsyntax.org, and others can harness the
attention caused by the tragic event in Haiti to come up with something
to help the next time.
Metacuration? Controlled Serendipity? Active Reading?
I just call it ‘active reading’.
tags: #metacuration